ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืืœืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื’ื ืฅ ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”. ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื•, ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืคืื ืœื™ื ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—. ื–ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื’ื•ืจืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” - ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš? ื•ื›ืžื” ื ืžื•ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช?

 


ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข:

ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“: ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืœื ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื”, ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืงื‘ืงื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉื ื•ืคื— ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’. ืžื” ืชืขื“ื™ืฃ? ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืจ.

ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ื ืก ืืช "ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื" ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ื ืœืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื ื—ืฉื“ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜. ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืคืก ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื - ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ืื•ื ื™. ืœื ืจืง ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืช. ืืœ ืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืจืš ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืง (ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•) ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ ืฉืคื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื ืฅ, ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžื’ื•ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ืชืคืก ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ืชื ื• ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื–ื ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœื”. 

ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• (ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช)
ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ "ืงืคื˜ืŸ ื’'ื•ืจื’'" | ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ: ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•?
ื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ืื™ืงืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘, "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื ื•". ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื "ืกื—ืฃ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื•". ื–ืืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื›ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืื™, ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.

ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ืื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื•. ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœื• ืฉื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืจืกืช, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืžื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ "ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช" ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืืคืก ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ, ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื. ืื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื’ื ืื ืœื ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ.

ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”: ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืœื—, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืœ
ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื ืœื’ื•ืฉ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ืื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ ื”ืขื“ืชื™ (ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”), ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” (ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืžื”) - ื”ืขืœืืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืœ-7,000 ืฉืงืœ, ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืื•ืชืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื’ื ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื’ื‘ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื. 

ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘-2-3 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืืžืช, ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช - ื”ืงืจื‘ ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

ื–ื”ื•ืช: ื”ืคืชืขืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช
ื’ื ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืขื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืง ืœื”ืชืงื ื ื‘ื•. ืžืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ืœื ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื. ืœื ื“ืื’ื• ืฉื ืžืจืืฉ ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉื™ืฆืขืง ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืื•ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ืจืื•ื•ืชื ื™ ืืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืžืงืžื• ืฉื ืžืจืืฉ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื–ื™ื”ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช. 

ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืžืงื“ื ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ื•, ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘-80% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ื›ืฉืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ืขื ื“ืฃ ื”ืžืกืจื™ื. ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ืื’ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืจืื•ืชื•, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืœ.

ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ: ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ื’ืฆ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื—ืžืืก - ื‘ื ื˜ ื•ืฉืงื“ ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจืืคื™ืง
ื‘ื ื˜ ื•ืฉืงื“ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื ืžืื– ื”ืชืคืฆืœื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื“ื‘ืง ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืคื•ืฆื— ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ. ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืฉืงื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื”, ื ืจืื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื. ื•ื”ืœื—ืฅ? ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื, ื™ืขื™ื“ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ื ื˜ ื•ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ืจืง ื“ืื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช. ืื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื˜ ื•ืฉืงื“ ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” - ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื˜ืจืืคื™ืง.


ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืงืจื ื ืœื ื™ืจื“ื”
ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืชืœืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื–ืจืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื˜ ื•ืฉืงื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ืงืคืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ืขื ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืขื ื‘ื’"ืฆ ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืฉื• ืœื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื™ืชืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื™ื– ืžื”ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ืืช ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ'. ื’ื ืื ื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ื ืกืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื–ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื”ืจื‘ ืคืจืฅ, ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ.

ืฉ"ืก ื•ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืœื ื ืœืš ื›ืฆืืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื—
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืกืก ืืจื™ื” ื“ืจืขื™ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื•ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื ืกืช. ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื ืจื‘ ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืœื’ืชื• - ื•ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืฅ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืช ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืžืข ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉ"ืก ื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื“ืจืขื™, ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช. 


ื’ื ืžื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื ื—ืช. ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,ื ืชืคืก ื›ืžืชืŸ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืขืžื•ืœื”.

ื›ื•ืœื ื•: ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉ
ื’ื ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื’ื ื›ืฉืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ - ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื— ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื ืื•ืชื ืžืกืจื™ื ืืš ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื—ืกืš ืœืื–ืจื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืžื ืกื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก ื‘ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ.
ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช - ื›ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœื”ื–ื“ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช ืขืžืœ, ื“ืจื•ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ื™ื, ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืชื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืชื•ืงืฉืจ.

ืžืจืฆ: ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืขืœื“
ื›ืฉืžืกืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช "ื‘ืœื™ ืžืจืฆ ืื™ืŸ ืžื”ืคืš", ืื• "ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื•ื ืœื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžืจืฆ", ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืคืœื’ื” ืขื ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืกืžื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืชืžืจ ื–ื ื“ื‘ืจื’, ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืคื ื˜ื–ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื“ืชื”.

ื—ื“"ืฉ-ืชืข"ืœ: ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจ ืœืงืœืคื™ื•ืช
ืื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ืกืคื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืœืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื ืชืคืก ื›ื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ืงื• ืื“ื•ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ื, ื”ืคืขื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข - "ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช" - ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืชืงืคื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ืืฉืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉ"ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื". ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื” ืคื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื”. 

ื’ืฉืจ: ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืขื ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ
ืื•ืจืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ืื‘ืงืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืขืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—: ืžืขืœื” ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื’ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืขืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื›ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•, ื›ืžื•: "ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ื’ื ืฅ ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™". ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื ื–ื” ืžื–ื•, ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืœื•: ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืื•ืจืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ืื‘ืงืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื ืคืจืขื”.

ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•: ืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ืœื ืคื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืจืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ื›"ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจืื•". ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืฉืืช ื‘ื’"ืฆ ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืคืกื• ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื™ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ. ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืžื’ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืœ, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืฉืœื•, ืขื•ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื. ืœื ื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืœื ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ื ื™ืงื™ื ืžื™ื•ืืฉื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืฉืœื• - ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืืช ืื—ื•ื–  ื”ื—ืกื™ืžื”.

ื‘ืœ"ื“-ืจืข"ื: ื”ืจืื• ืืช ืคื ื™ื›ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
ืคื•ืกื˜ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืขื‘ื™ ื•ื’'ืืžืœ ื–ื—ืืœืงื”, ื‘ืœ"ื“-ืจืข"ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช - ื›ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืŸ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืกืคื™ืŸ. ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™.

ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข:

1. ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืืžื ืฉืœื›ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืงื• ืœื›ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืจืง ืขืฉืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืื“ื™ื—ื•ืช? ืื– ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช ื”ืžื’ืžื’ืžื™ื ื‘ื ืœื”ื’ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืขื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ื•ืืžืจ: "ืœื’ืžื’ื ื–ืืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื”"

2. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืžื•ืก ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ืจื™ืงืช ืืฉ ืื—ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื– ื–ื• ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืขืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก.


3. ื‘ื ื˜ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื• "ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื ื™ื" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืง ืœื™ื˜ื•ืฃ-ืกืคืง ืžืขื™ื›ืช ื™ื•ื ื”. ืœื ื• ื–ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”:

4. ื–ืืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื™ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืคืขื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. ืžื’ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืŸ ืžืจืฆื™ืื ื• ("ืžืคืœื’ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ืžืจืฆื™ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื” 40 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื"), ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื ื™ ืจื”ื‘ ื•ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ ืœื’ื ืฅ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื–ืืช ืœื ืชืงื•ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.

ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื: ื˜ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืจ (ื’ืœื•ื‘ืก), ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 12), ืืจื™ื” ื’ื•ืœืŸ (ื›ืืŸ ื‘'), ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื”ื‘ ืžืื™ืจ (ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 12), ื’ื“ื™ ืกื•ืงื ื™ืง (ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”), ืžืชื™ ื˜ื•ื›ืคืœื“ (ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื) , ืžื–ืœ ืžื•ืขืœื (ืืœ-ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื›ื ืกืช) ืืจื™ืง ื‘ื ื“ืจ (ืžืขืจื™ื‘), ื™ืื™ืจ ืฉืจืงื™ (ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 12), ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืจื“ (ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื), ืžืงื‘ื•ืœื” ื ืืกืจ (ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช), ื™ืขืœ ืงื™ืฉื™ืง (ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 12), ืื•ืจื™ ืจื•ื–ืŸ (ืžืืงื•), ืื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ (ืžืืงื•), ื ื™ื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื“ืœ (ืžืืงื•), ืขื•ืžืจ ืžืœื›ื” (ืžืืงื•)