ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” (ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืชื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจื’)
ื”ืื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื | ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืชื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจื’

ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืขื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืงืจืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ "ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื’ืจืžืŸ", ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2015. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื” "ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืช" ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ – ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชืืจื›ื•.

ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช:

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืกืคื• ื‘-34 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช OECD ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”" ืืช ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืขื•ืžืก ื•ืชืช ืกืคื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืขื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชืคื•ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื“.

ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงืœื™ืฉืื” ืฉืžื›ื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.

ืžื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™?

ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™

ื‘ืžืคืœื’ืช "ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™" ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜: "ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ืฉื—ืงืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ - ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™", ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืฆืข ื”ืžืคืœื’ื”.

"ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™" ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื’ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื: ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ - ื•ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืจืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืจื•ืคืื”, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื. 

ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“

ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“

ื‘ืžืฆืข ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื™ื•ื (ืฉื ื™ 2.3.15.) ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื’ืจืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืคืจืกื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืžืฆืข ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ.  

ื›ื•ืœื ื•

ื‘ืžืฆืข ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ "ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœ" - ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”. ืจืคื•ืื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ (ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฆื“ ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™), ืœืœื ื”ื–ื“ืงืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื. ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื ืื•ืช, ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื” (ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืขื–ืจื™ ืขืžืจื, ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 2)
ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช | ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืขื–ืจื™ ืขืžืจื, ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช 2

ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช 

ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื‘ืžืฆืข ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜.  

ืžืจืฆ

ื”ืžืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžืจืฆ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ  ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืžืฆืข ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. 

ืฉ"ืก

ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•

ืžืฆืข ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื—ื–ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื”ืžืฆืข ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. 

ื™ื—ื“

ืœื ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช.