mako
ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
12.01.17

ืžืืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื”

ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ mako ืชืจื‘ื•ืช

ืคืจืก ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืคืœ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืžืจื™ื ืืœืกื˜ืจ, ืคืœืืฉ 90

ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™

ืคืกืœ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘, ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื™ื”, ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืœืช ืฉืงื“ - ืžืชื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ืกืชื”? ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื”. ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืฉืขืจ

ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช" ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืก? ืจื—ืœื™ ืจื•ื˜ื ืจ ืขื ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื. ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืจื—ืœื™ ืจื•ื˜ื ืจ
ืžืจื™ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืค ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื–ื”ื‘ 2017
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: Handout, GettyImages IL

ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก

ืžื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืื™ืš ืขื ื” ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœืžืจื™ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืค, ืžื™ ืžืกืจ ื“"ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืจื’ื•ืชื™, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืคื’ืขื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื? ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื–ื”ื‘

ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืœื™ืœื“: ืื™ืคื” ืžืจื’ื•ืœ? (6.1.17)

ืื™ืคื” ืžืจื’ื•ืœ?

4 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ "ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืœื™ืœื“" ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืจืช ืฉื ืžืœื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื‘ื”. ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื? ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ื’'ืงื™. ืœื›ืชื‘ื” (ื•ื’ื: 10 ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ื•ืœ ื—ื–ืชื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘)

ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื ื™ื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื“ืœ
ืื™ืœืŸ ืคืœื“ ื›ืœื™ืœื™ืืŸ ื‘
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื•ืจื“ ืื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช yes

ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ

ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื ืขืœืžื•ืช" ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื ื˜ืข ื—ื•ื˜ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช

ืคืžืœื” ืื“ืœื•ืŸ ื‘
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

ืฆืขืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช

ืคืžืœื” ืื“ืœื•ืŸ ("ืœื•ืื™") ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืื– ืœืžื” "ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" ืฉืœื” ื’ืจืžื” ืœืงืœื™ื” ืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื—ื•ืง? ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช

ืœื ืคื” ืœื ืฉื (ืžืฆื’ืช)
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื, ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ืžืคื”

ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืจื˜ ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื ืขืžื” ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉ"ืœื ืคื”, ืœื ืฉื" ื”ื•ื ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืืœื ื™ ื™ืคื” ื ืคืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•. ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช

ืื™ื™ืžื™ ืื“ืžืก ื‘
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

ืืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš ืžื™ื™ื’ืขื™ื

ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืžืœื•ื”ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืžืจ ืงืžืจืœื™ื ื’ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืฉืžื ืงื™ื ืืช "ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื" ืžื”ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืžืจื” ืœืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช

ืื—ื™ื ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืฆื’ืช 120117
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืงืฉืช

ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืฉืœ "ื”ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ": ืฉื‘ื•ืข 4

ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื›ืœ ืœืฉื, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืืกืช ืžื“ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ื—ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื: ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ืžืจ

ืืœื–ื” ื•ืกืคื™ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘

ืื™ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜: ื›ืฉืืœื–ื” ื•ืกืคื™ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ ื”ืชื ืฉืงื•

ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ื—ื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืชืžื›ืจ ืœืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืคืชื” ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื ื• ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช. ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืฉืจื” ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘

ื›ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ื ื•ื ื™

ืžื” ืงืจื” ืžืขืœ ื“ืคื™ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช" ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•"ืœ ืœืจื”"ืž? ืกืคื™ื™ืฉืœ "ืžื™ ื ื’ื“ ืžื™" ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš

ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ื™ื

"ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ" ืื• "ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ", "ืžืฆื•ื“ ืœื™ืœื™" ืื• "ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื" - ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช. ืœืžื“ื•ืจ

ื”ืฆืฆื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ ื“ืจืš ื“ืœืช

ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉื•"ืช: ืื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื‘ืขืœืš ืœื‘ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ืš?

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืชื‘ื”

ืฆื™ืœื•ื: Daniel Ha, Istock
ืžืื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืžืฉื” ื ื—ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™?

ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื‘ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19 ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคืœื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ืœืฆ ืขื "ืงื˜ื ื”". ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžืื•ืจ ืื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™? ื‘ื“ืงื ื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื•ืจื›ื

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจ
...ื˜ื•ืขืŸ
ืžืงืจื: = ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืชื•ื›ืŸ   = ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ